Table of Contents
Psalm 22
Psalm 22
1 My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? why art thou so far from helping me, and from the words of my roaring?
2 O my God, I cry in the day time, but thou hearest not; and in the night season, and am not silent.
3 But thou art holy, O thou that inhabitest the praises of Israel.
4 Our fathers trusted in thee: they trusted, and thou didst deliver them.
5 They cried unto thee, and were delivered: they trusted in thee, and were not confounded.
6 But I am a worm, and no man; a reproach of men, and despised of the people.
7 All they that see me laugh me to scorn: they shoot out the lip, they shake the head, saying,
8 He trusted on the Lord that he would deliver him: let him deliver him, seeing he delighted in him.
9 But thou art he that took me out of the womb: thou didst make me hope when I was upon my mother's breasts.
10 I was cast upon thee from the womb: thou art my God from my mother's belly.
11 Be not far from me; for trouble is near; for there is none to help.
12 Many bulls have compassed me: strong bulls of Bashan have beset me round.
13 They gaped upon me with their mouths, as a ravening and a roaring lion.
14 I am poured out like water, and all my bones are out of joint: my heart is like wax; it is melted in the midst of my bowels.
15 My strength is dried up like a potsherd; and my tongue cleaveth to my jaws; and thou hast brought me into the dust of death.
16 For dogs have compassed me: the assembly of the wicked have inclosed me: they pierced my hands and my feet.
17 I may tell all my bones: they look and stare upon me.
18 They part my garments among them, and cast lots upon my vesture.
19 But be not thou far from me, O Lord: O my strength, haste thee to help me.
20 Deliver my soul from the sword; my darling from the power of the dog.
21 Save me from the lion's mouth: for thou hast heard me from the horns of the unicorns.
22 I will declare thy name unto my brethren: in the midst of the congregation will I praise thee.
23 Ye that fear the Lord, praise him; all ye the seed of Jacob, glorify him; and fear him, all ye the seed of Israel.
24 For he hath not despised nor abhorred the affliction of the afflicted; neither hath he hid his face from him; but when he cried unto him, he heard.
25 My praise shall be of thee in the great congregation: I will pay my vows before them that fear him.
26 The meek shall eat and be satisfied: they shall praise the Lord that seek him: your heart shall live for ever.
27 All the ends of the world shall remember and turn unto the Lord: and all the kindreds of the nations shall worship before thee.
28 For the kingdom is the Lord's: and he is the governor among the nations.
29 All they that be fat upon earth shall eat and worship: all they that go down to the dust shall bow before him: and none can keep alive his own soul.
30 A seed shall serve him; it shall be accounted to the Lord for a generation.
31 They shall come, and shall declare his righteousness unto a people that shall be born, that he hath done this.
Notes
Cross Reference
Concordance
Commentary
Rashi
Verse 1
<html><b>ayeleth hashachar</b> The name of a musical instrument. Another explanation: Concerning the nation of Israel, which is a beloved hind (אילת אהבים), who looks forth like the dawn (שחר) (Song 6:10). Our Sages, however, interpreted it as referring to Esther (Mid. Ps. 22:1, Meg. 15b). Menachem (p. 22) interprets אילת as an expression of strength, as (verse 20): “My strength (אילותי), hasten to my assistance.” השחר is an expression of dawn, but Menachem (p. 172) interprets it as an expression of seeking, as (in Prov. 11:27): “He who desires (שֹׁחֵר) good etc.” and as (ibid. 7:15) “to look (לשחר) for you.”</html>
Verse 2
<html><b>why have You forsaken me?</b> They are destined to go into exile, and David recited this prayer for the future. <b>far from my salvation</b> and from the words of my moaning.</html>
Verse 3
<html><b>I call out by day</b> I call out to You every day, and You do not answer.</html>
Verse 4
<html><b>But You are holy</b> and You wait to hear the praises of Israel from time immemorial.</html>
Verse 7
<html><b>But I am a worm</b> He refers to all Israel as one man.</html>
Verse 8
<html><b>they will open</b> Heb. יפטירו, they open, as (in Exod. 13:12, 13): “all that open (פטר) the womb,…and firstling (ופטר) of a donkey.” [Also] (in Prov. 17: 14): “like letting out (פוטר) water.”</html>
Verse 9
<html><b>One should cast his trust upon the Lord</b> Heb. גֹּל like לגל, lit. to roll. A person should roll his burden and his load upon His Creator so that He rescue him.</html>
Verse 10
<html><b>drew me</b> Heb. גחי, who took me out and drew me out, as (in Job 40:23): “he will draw (יגיח) the Jordan into his mouth.” <b>You made me secure on my mother’s breast</b> You prepared breasts for a person, upon which to rely for sustenance.</html>
Verse 11
<html><b>Upon You, I was cast from birth</b> I was cast from birth since You took me out of the womb, as Scripture states (in Isa. 46:3): “who are carried from birth.” From the time the tribes were born, He carried them and led them.</html>
Verse 13
<html><b>Great bulls</b> Mighty kingdoms. <b>the mighty ones of Bashan</b> That too is an expression of the bulls of Bashan, which are fat. <b>encompassed me</b> Heb. כתרוני. They encompassed me like a crown (כתר), which encompasses the head.</html>
Verse 14
<html><b>a tearing lion</b> Nebuchadnezzar.</html>
Verse 15
<html><b>like wax</b> Wax, which melts from the heat of the fire.</html>
Verse 16
<html><b>my palate</b> Heb. מלקוחי. This is the palate which is called palayc (palais) in Old French, gaumen in German. When a person is distressed, he has no saliva in his mouth. Menachem, however, interprets מלקוחי as etenayles in Old French (tongs), like (Isa. 6:6): “with tongs (במלקחים) he had taken it.” And the מלקוח is the teeth, which resemble a smith’s tongs. (The quotation from Menachem appears only in the Salonika edition of Rashi printed in 1515.) <b>and in the dust of death</b> To the crushing of death. <b>You set me down</b> Heb. תשפתני You set me down, an expression of setting a pot, as (in Ezek. 24:3, II Kings 4:38): “set on (שפת) the pot.” Menachem (p.179) interprets every expression of שפיתה as an expression of placing.</html>
Verse 17
<html><b>like a lion, my hands and feet</b> As though they are crushed in a lion’s mouth, and so did Hezekiah say (in Isa. 38:13): “like a lion, so it would break all my bones.”</html>
Verse 18
<html><b>I tell about all my bones</b> The pain of my bones. <b>They look</b> They rejoice at my misfortune.</html>
Verse 19
<html><b>and cast lots for my raiment</b> They plunder our property.</html>
Verse 20
<html><b>my strength</b> Heb. אילותי, my strength, as (below 88:5): “I was as a man without strength (איל),” and as (Gen. 31:29): “It is within the power (לאל) of my hand.”</html>
Verse 22
<html><b>Save me from the lion’s mouth</b> as You answered me from the horns of the wild oxen. This is the Amorite, “whose height is as the height of the cedar trees” (Amos 2:9); the thirty-one kings.</html>
Verse 23
<html><b>I will tell Your name to my brothers</b> when any of my assemblies gathers, and so I will say to them, “You who fear the Lord, praise Him.” This refers to the proselytes, and “all the seed of Jacob.”</html>
Verse 24
<html><b>and fear</b> Heb. וגורו, an expression of fear.</html>
Verse 25
<html><b>the cry of the poor</b> Every [expression of] עניה in Scripture is an expression of a cry. ענות can also be interpreted as an expression of humility, as (in Exod. 10:3): “to humble yourself (לענת),” because he (the poor man) humbles himself and prays before You.</html>
Verse 27
<html><b>The humble shall eat</b> at the time of our redemption in the days of our Messiah. <b>your hearts shall live forever</b> I will say all this before them.</html>
Verse 28
<html><b>shall remember and return to the Lord</b> The nations shall remember the evil that befell us when they see the good and return to the Lord.</html>
Verse 29
<html><b>For the kingship is the Lord’s</b> For they will see that the kingship and the rule has returned to You.</html>
Verse 30
<html><b>They shall eat all the best of the earth and prostrate themselves</b> Lit. they shall eat and prostrate themselves all the best of the earth. This is a transposed verse. The humble shall eat all the best of the earth and prostrate themselves to the Lord with praise and thanksgiving for the good. דשני means the good, the fat of the earth. [People at] all the ends of the earth will see all this and return to the Lord. <b>before Him shall…kneel</b> Then all the dead of nations [will kneel] from Gehinnom but He will not have mercy upon them to revive their souls from Gehinnom. <b>his soul</b> [The soul] of each one. <b>He will not quicken</b> Lit. He did not quicken. Our Sages (Mid. Ps. 22:32) derived from this verse that the dead, before their death, at the time their soul is taken, see the countenance of the Shechinah.</html>
Verse 31
<html><b>The seed that worships Him</b> The seed of Israel, who constantly worship Him. <b>it shall be told to the generation concerning the Lord</b> Transpose the verse and explain it thus: It shall be told to the last generation in the name of the Lord and in His praise what He did for that seed.</html>
Verse 32
<html><b>They shall come</b> The first ones shall come and tell His righteousness to the newborn people, for He performed righteous deeds for them.</html>