Table of Contents
Proverbs 4
Proverbs 4
1 Hear, ye children, the instruction of a father, and attend to know understanding.
2 For I give you good doctrine, forsake ye not my law.
3 For I was my father's son, tender and only beloved in the sight of my mother.
4 He taught me also, and said unto me, Let thine heart retain my words: keep my commandments, and live.
5 Get wisdom, get understanding: forget it not; neither decline from the words of my mouth.
6 Forsake her not, and she shall preserve thee: love her, and she shall keep thee.
7 Wisdom is the principal thing; therefore get wisdom: and with all thy getting get understanding.
8 Exalt her, and she shall promote thee: she shall bring thee to honour, when thou dost embrace her.
9 She shall give to thine head an ornament of grace: a crown of glory shall she deliver to thee.
10 Hear, O my son, and receive my sayings; and the years of thy life shall be many.
11 I have taught thee in the way of wisdom; I have led thee in right paths.
12 When thou goest, thy steps shall not be straitened; and when thou runnest, thou shalt not stumble.
13 Take fast hold of instruction; let her not go: keep her; for she is thy life.
14 Enter not into the path of the wicked, and go not in the way of evil men.
15 Avoid it, pass not by it, turn from it, and pass away.
16 For they sleep not, except they have done mischief; and their sleep is taken away, unless they cause some to fall.
17 For they eat the bread of wickedness, and drink the wine of violence.
18 But the path of the just is as the shining light, that shineth more and more unto the perfect day.
19 The way of the wicked is as darkness: they know not at what they stumble.
20 My son, attend to my words; incline thine ear unto my sayings.
21 Let them not depart from thine eyes; keep them in the midst of thine heart.
22 For they are life unto those that find them, and health to all their flesh.
23 Keep thy heart with all diligence; for out of it are the issues of life.
24 Put away from thee a froward mouth, and perverse lips put far from thee.
25 Let thine eyes look right on, and let thine eyelids look straight before thee.
26 Ponder the path of thy feet, and let all thy ways be established.
27 Turn not to the right hand nor to the left: remove thy foot from evil.
Notes
Cross Reference
Concordance
Commentary
Rashi
Verse 1
<html><b>Children, hearken to the discipline of the Father</b> The Holy One, blessed be He.</html>
Verse 2
<html><b>For I gave you</b> The prophet prophesies and speaks as an agent of the Holy One, blessed be He, and he is like His mouth.</html>
Verse 3
<html><b>For I was a son to my father</b> Lest you say that Solomon hated people because he admonished them concerning robbery and immorality, something a person desires, he therefore states: I was a son, etc., a tender one and an only one, etc., that he loved me very much.</html>
Verse 4
<html><b>And he instructed me</b> concerning that and he chastised me <b>and said to me, “May your heart draw near to my words</b> And since he chastened me with these words, therefore I admonish you concerning this (Rabbi Joseph Kara). Another explanation: <b>For I was a son to my Father</b> The prophet says, “I was a son to the Holy One, blessed be He, Who caused His spirit to rest upon me.” Now we find that the Holy One, blessed be He, called Solomon a son, for it is stated (II Sam. 7:14): “I will be to him a father, and he shall be to Me a son.” <b>a tender one and an only one before my mother</b> Heb. לפני אמי, before my nation (אמתי) I am chosen and beloved like a tender and only son. Therefore, my father instructed me.</html>
Verse 6
<html><b>Do not forsake her, and she will preserve you; love her</b> Heb. אהבה, love her.</html>
Verse 7
<html><b>The beginning of wisdom [is to] acquire wisdom</b> At the beginning of your wisdom, learn from others and acquire for yourself the tradition from the mouth of the teacher, and afterwards with all your possession acquire understanding. Concentrate on it by yourself to understand the reasons, thereby deriving one thing from another.</html>
Verse 8
<html><b>Search for her</b> Heb. סלסלה search for her. Review it to examine it minutely, as in (Jer. 6:9): “as a vintager over the searchings (סלסלות)” who goes repeatedly through the vineyard and brings back his hand to search for the single grapes. In the expression of the Sages (Rosh Hashanah 26b), curls (מסלסל) his hair.</html>
Verse 9
<html><b>She will give your head a wreath of grace</b> Heb. לוית חן, a wreath of grace, as in (1:9): “They are a wreath of grace (לוית חן) for your head.”</html>
Verse 12
<html><b>When you walk, your step will not be straightened</b> One who does not spread out his legs is likely to fall.</html>
Verse 13
<html><b>Take fast hold of discipline, do not let it loose</b> Grasp the Torah, as in (Gen. 21:18) “and grasp (והחזיקי) your hand onto him”; (Ex. 4:4) “and he stretched out his hand and grasped it (ויחזק).”</html>
Verse 14
<html><b>You shall not come in the way of the wicked, and do not walk</b> [as translated,] do not walk, as in (Job 23:11), “My foot has held to His path,” and as in (Proverbs 14:15), “but a cunning man understands his steps.”</html>
Verse 15
<html><b>Avoid it</b> Heb. פרע, put it to naught. <b>turn away from it</b> Heb. שטה, turn away.</html>
Verse 16
<html><b>For they will not sleep</b> They are unable to sleep.</html>
Verse 18
<html><b>But the way of the righteous is like the light of dawn</b> which shines and illuminates from the first ray of dawn. <b>until the day is perfect</b> Until midday, which is the brightest time of day.</html>
Verse 19
<html><b>The way of the wicked is like pitch darkness; they do not know on what they stumble</b> Suddenly, an obstacle will come to them, and they will not know how to beware of it.</html>
Verse 22
<html><b>for those who find them</b> Heb. למצאיהם, an expression of finding.</html>
Verse 23
<html><b>From every interdict</b> From whatever the Torah commanded to beware of, guard your heart (from transgressing), regardless whether it is a minor sin or a grave sin. <b>for the issues of life [come] out of it</b> For from even a minor one you shall have life and a great reward if you fulfill it—so did Rabbi Tanhuma expound.</html>
Verse 24
<html><b>Take crooked speech away from yourself</b> Don’t do anything for which people will slander you and make their mouths crooked [when talking] about you. <b>crooked speech</b> Heb. עקשות. This is an expression of עקום, crooked, as in (Job 9:20): “Though I was innocent, He would prove me perverse (ויעקשני),” and in the Mishnah (Hullin 3:3) “its teeth are crooked and twisted (עקושות).” <b>devious lips</b> Crooked lips, that the people should not open their mouth wide [when talking] about you.</html>
Verse 25
<html><b>Let your eyes look forward</b> Let them look to truth and uprightness. <b>and let your eyelids look straight ahead of you</b> Let them look at what is upright, to straighten your way before you.</html>
Verse 26
<html><b>Weigh the path of your feet</b> Weigh your way: the loss of a commandment against its reward and the reward of a sin against its loss, and then all your ways will be established.</html>
Verse 27
<html><b>Turn neither right nor left</b> of the good weight.</html>