nsv:ketuvim:daniel_9
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2 In the first year of his reign I Daniel understood by books the number of the years, whereof the word of the Lord came to Jeremiah the prophet, that he would accomplish seventy years in the desolations of Jerusalem. | 2 In the first year of his reign I Daniel understood by books the number of the years, whereof the word of the Lord came to Jeremiah the prophet, that he would accomplish seventy years in the desolations of Jerusalem. | ||
- | 3 And I set my face unto the Lord God, to seek by prayer and supplications, | + | 3 And I turned |
- | 4 And I prayed unto the Lord my God, and made my confession, and said, O Lord, the great and dreadful | + | 4 And I prayed unto the Lord my God, making |
- | 5 We have sinned, and have committed iniquity, and have done wickedly, and have rebelled, even by departing from thy precepts | + | 5 "We have sinned; we have gone astray; we have done wickedly, and have rebelled; departing from Your commandments |
- | 6 Neither | + | 6 " |
- | 7 O Lord, righteousness | + | 7 "With you, O Lord is righteousness, |
- | 8 O Lord, to us belongeth confusion of face, to our kings, | + | 8 This shame, |
- | 9 To the Lord our God belong mercies | + | 9 To the Lord our God belongs mercy and forgiveness, for we have rebelled against |
- | 10 Neither have we obeyed | + | 10 not obeying |
- | 11 Yea, all Israel | + | 11 All Israel |
- | 12 And he hath confirmed | + | 12 He has confirmed |
- | 13 As it is written in the law of Moses, | + | 13 As it is written in the law of Moses, this curse has come upon us: yet we did not supplicate |
- | 14 Therefore | + | 14 Therefore the Lord brought |
- | 15 And now, O Lord our God, that hast brought | + | 15 And now, O Lord our God, You who have brought |
- | 16 O Lord, according to all thy righteousness, | + | 16 O Lord, according to your abundant benevolence, let your anger and thy fury turn back from Your city Jerusalem, |
- | 17 Now therefore, | + | 17 O our God, hear now the prayer of Your servant and his plea, and show Your favor to Your desolate |
- | 18 O my God, incline thine ear, and hear; open thine eyes, and behold our desolations, | + | 18 Incline your ear, O my God, and hear; open Your eyes, and behold our desolation |
- | 19 O Lord, hear; O Lord, forgive; O Lord, hearken | + | 19 O Lord, hear! O Lord, forgive! O Lord, listen |
- | 20 And whiles | + | 20 And while I was speaking, and praying, and confessing my sin and the sin of my people Israel, and presenting my supplication before the Lord my God for the holy mountain of my God; |
- | 21 Yea, whiles | + | 21 While I was still speaking in prayer, the man Gabriel |
- | 22 And he informed | + | 22 He made me understand by speaking to me and saying, “Daniel, I have now come forth to give you understanding. |
- | 23 At the beginning of thy supplications the commandment came forth, and I am come to shew thee; for thou art greatly beloved: therefore | + | 23 A word went forth as you began your supplication, and I have come to tell it; for thou art greatly beloved: therefore |
- | 24 Seventy weeks are determined upon thy people and upon thy holy city, to finish the transgression, | + | 24 "Seventy weeks are determined upon thy people and upon thy holy city, to finish the transgression, |
- | 25 Know therefore and understand, that from the going forth of the commandment to restore and to build Jerusalem unto the Messiah the Prince shall be seven weeks, and threescore and two weeks: the street shall be built again, and the wall, even in troublous times. | + | 25 "Know therefore and understand, that from the going forth of the commandment to restore and to build Jerusalem unto the Messiah the Prince shall be seven weeks, and threescore and two weeks: the street shall be built again, and the wall, even in troublous times. |
- | 26 And after threescore and two weeks shall Messiah be cut off, but not for himself: and the people of the prince that shall come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary; and the end thereof shall be with a flood, and unto the end of the war desolations are determined. | + | 26 "And after threescore and two weeks shall Messiah be cut off, but not for himself: and the people of the prince that shall come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary; and the end thereof shall be with a flood, and unto the end of the war desolations are determined. |
- | 27 And he shall confirm the covenant with many for one week: and in the midst of the week he shall cause the sacrifice and the oblation to cease, and for the overspreading of abominations he shall make it desolate, even until the consummation, | + | 27 "And he shall confirm the covenant with many for one week: and in the midst of the week he shall cause the sacrifice and the oblation to cease, and for the overspreading of abominations he shall make it desolate, even until the consummation, |
== Notes | == Notes | ||
Line 68: | Line 68: | ||
== Rashi | == Rashi | ||
==== Verse 1 | ==== Verse 1 | ||
- | < | + | **In the first year of Darius, the son of Ahasuerus** This is not the Ahasuerus of the days of Haman, for he was the king of Persia, whereas this one was Darius the Mede who was crowned over the kingdom of the Chaldeans when Belshazzar was slain, as is written above (6:1): “And Darius the Mede took (sic) the kingdom.” |
==== Verse 2 | ==== Verse 2 | ||
- | < | + | **Contemplated the calculations** Heb. בִּינֹתִי בַּסְפָרִים. |
- | <b>the number of the years, etc.</ | + | |
+ | **the number of the years, etc.** I contemplated the calculation of the years, for I thought about what Zeremiah (29:10) prophesied: “For at the completion of seventy years of Babylon I will remember you,” and I thought that this remembrance is the building of the Temple, and that the seventy years end in the first year of Darius the Mede, since the kingdom of Babylon stretched forth a hand upon Israel, when Nebuchadnezzar vanquished Jehoiakim to be his slave. Now that was in the second year of Nebuchadnezzar’s reign, as the master said (Meg. 11b): “In the first year he conquered Nineveh; in the second year he went up and vanquished Jehoiakim.” Figure from that year until now, and you will find them [the 70 years]. This calculation is found also in the Mishnah of Seder Olam (ch. 28), and we learned there that in the year of Belshazzar’s death were 70 years from the day that Nebuchadnezzar ascended the throne: seventy minus one since the day that he conquered Jehoiakim, and yet one more year for Babylon, which Darius completed. And when I [Daniel] saw that the redemption was not hastening to come, I contemplated and put my heart to the calculation, | ||
==== Verse 4 | ==== Verse 4 | ||
- | < | + | **and I confessed** the sins of my people. |
- | <b>O great and awesome God</ | + | |
+ | **O great and awesome God** but he did not say, “mighty.” He said [to himself], “Heathens are enslaving His children, so where are His mighty deeds?” | ||
==== Verse 5 | ==== Verse 5 | ||
- | < | + | **turning away** We were constantly turning away from Your commandments, |
==== Verse 7 | ==== Verse 7 | ||
- | < | + | **To you, O Lord, is the righteousness** i.e., Your judgments and retributions that You have brought upon us—justice and righteousness are with You. |
- | <b>and to us is the shamefacedness</ | + | |
- | <b>as of this day</ | + | **and to us is the shamefacedness** We should be ashamed for what has happened to us, for we caused it for ourselves. |
+ | |||
+ | **as of this day** as we see today. | ||
==== Verse 9 | ==== Verse 9 | ||
- | < | + | **To the Lord our God are the mercies** that we did not perish for our iniquities, for we rebelled against Him. |
==== Verse 11 | ==== Verse 11 | ||
- | < | + | **have befallen us** Heb. וַתִּתַּךְ, |
- | <b>the curse and the oath</ | + | |
+ | **the curse and the oath** the curses of the Covenant with which You adjured us at Horeb (Lev 26:14): “And if you do not listen etc.”; all the curses written there. | ||
==== Verse 12 | ==== Verse 12 | ||
- | < | + | **as was done in Jerusalem** the sword, slaying, the burning of the city; and they humbled women and put captives into neck irons. |
==== Verse 13 | ==== Verse 13 | ||
- | < | + | **As is written in the Law of Moses** a hint that He warned us that if we transgress the oath, all this evil will befall us. |
==== Verse 14 | ==== Verse 14 | ||
- | < | + | **hastened** Heb. וַיִשְׁקֹד, |
- | <b>for...is righteous</ | + | |
+ | **for...is righteous** for justice is with Him. Our Rabbis, however, explained that the Holy One, blessed be He, is charitable, and it is charity for us that He hastened and brought [the evil] two years before the numerical value of וַנוֹשַּׁנְתֶּם (Deut. 4:25): “and you will have grown old,” in order that [the curse of] “that you shall perish” should not be fulfilled with you. The numerical value of וַנוֹשַּׁנְתֶּם is 852, but they were exiled at the end of 850 [years] after their entry into the land. | ||
==== Verse 15 | ==== Verse 15 | ||
- | < | + | **And now, O Lord, our God** We confess that we have sinned and have dealt wickedly. |
==== Verse 16 | ==== Verse 16 | ||
- | < | + | **a mockery** [as translated, |
- | <b>to all those surrounding us</ | + | |
+ | **to all those surrounding us** to all our neighbors; they all mock us. | ||
==== Verse 17 | ==== Verse 17 | ||
- | < | + | **for the sake of the Lord** For the sake of the holy Name that is called upon the Temple, as it says (Exod. 15:17): “the Sanctuary, O Lord, (אֲדֹנָי) which Your hands have established.” |
==== Verse 18 | ==== Verse 18 | ||
- | < | + | **and see our desolations** and the desolations of the city upon which Your name is called, because not upon the support of our righteousness do we cast our supplications to benefit us, but we have come upon Your mercies. |
==== Verse 19 | ==== Verse 19 | ||
- | < | + | **O Lord, hear** our supplications. |
- | <b>O Lord, forgive</ | + | |
- | <b>O Lord, hearken</ | + | **O Lord, forgive** our sins. |
- | <b>and do</ | + | |
+ | **O Lord, hearken** Your ear to our cry. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **and do** our request and do not delay. | ||
==== Verse 20 | ==== Verse 20 | ||
- | < | + | **about the mount of the Sanctuary of my God** for the mount of the House of God, that it be built. |
==== Verse 21 | ==== Verse 21 | ||
- | < | + | **at first** in the days of Belshazzar, as is written above (8:15 26). |
- | <b>in swift flight</ | + | |
+ | **in swift flight** [He was] caused to fly to me with flying and with gliding. | ||
==== Verse 22 | ==== Verse 22 | ||
- | < | + | **And he enabled me to understand** Heb. וַיָבֶן. |
==== Verse 23 | ==== Verse 23 | ||
- | < | + | **In the beginning of your supplications, |
- | <b>for you have desirable qualities</ | + | |
- | <b>now contemplate the word</ | + | **for you have desirable qualities** You have qualities that are desirable to the Holy One, blessed be He. |
+ | |||
+ | **now contemplate the word** Put your heart to understand the word. | ||
==== Verse 24 | ==== Verse 24 | ||
- | < | + | **Seventy weeks [of years] have been decreed** on Jerusalem from the day of the first destruction in the days of Zedekiah until it will be [destroyed] the second time. |
- | <b>to terminate the transgression and to end sin</ | + | |
+ | **to terminate the transgression and to end sin** so that Israel should receive their complete retribution in the exile of Titus and his subjugation, | ||
==== Verse 25 | ==== Verse 25 | ||
- | < | + | **And you shall know and understand from the emergence of the word** From the emergence of this word, which emerged at the beginning of your supplications to tell you, you shall know to understand [how] to restore and build Jerusalem. |
- | <b>until the anointed king</ | + | |
- | <b>seven weeks</ | + | **until the anointed king** Time will be given from the day of the destruction until the coming of Cyrus, king of Persia, about whom the Holy One, blessed be He, said that he would return and build His city, and He called him His anointed and His king, as it says (Isa. 45:1): “So said the Lord to His anointed one, to Cyrus etc.” (verse 13): “He shall build My city and free My exiles, etc.” |
- | <b>and in sixty-two weeks it will return and be built</ | + | |
- | <b>and moat</ | + | **seven weeks** Seven complete shemittah cycles they will be in exile before Cyrus comes, and there were yet three more years, but since they did not constitute a complete shemittah cycle, they were not counted. In the one year of Darius, in which Daniel was standing when this vision was said to him, seventy years from the conquest of Jehoiakim terminated. Deduct eighteen years from them, in which the conquest of Jehoiakim preceded the destruction of Jerusalem, leaving fifty-two years. This is what our Rabbis learned (Yoma 54a): “For fifty-two years no one passed through Judea.” They are the fifty-two years from the day of the destruction until they returned in the days of Cyrus. Hence, we have seven shemittah cycles and three years. |
- | <b>but in troubled times</ | + | |
- | <b>but in troubled times</ | + | **and in sixty-two weeks it will return and be built** i.e., the city with its streets. |
+ | |||
+ | **and moat** Heb. וְחָרוּץ. They are the moats that they make around the wall to strengthen the city, which are called fosse in French, ditch or moat. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **but in troubled times** But in those times they will be troubled and distressed, for in the subjugation of the kings of Persia and the heathens, they will burden them with harsh bondage. Now although there are sixty-two weeks and four years more that remain from the eighth week, whose beginning, viz. the three years, was included in the fifty-two years of the duration of the exile, those four years were not counted here because here he counted only weeks, and you find that from the beginning he started to count seventy weeks, and at the end, when he delineated their times and their judgments, he counted only sixty-nine, proving that one week was divided, part of it here and part of it there; and he mentioned only whole weeks. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **but in troubled times** They will be troubled in those times. | ||
==== Verse 26 | ==== Verse 26 | ||
- | < | + | **And after** those weeks. |
- | <b>the anointed one will be cut off</ | + | |
- | <b>and he will be no more</ | + | **the anointed one will be cut off** Agrippa, the king of Judea, who was ruling at the time of the destruction, |
- | <b>the anointed one</ | + | |
- | <b>and the city and the Sanctuary</ | + | **and he will be no more** Heb. וְאֵין לוֹ, and he will not have. The meaning is that he will not be. |
- | <b>and the people of the coming monarch will destroy</ | + | |
- | <b>and his end will come about by inundation</ | + | **the anointed one** Heb. מָשִׁיחַ. This is purely an expression of a prince and a dignitary. |
- | <b>and until the end of the wars</ | + | |
- | <b>cut off into desolation</ | + | **and the city and the Sanctuary** lit. and the city and the Holy. |
+ | |||
+ | **and the people of the coming monarch will destroy** [The monarch who will come] upon them. That is Titus and his | ||
+ | armies. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **and his end will come about by inundation** And his end will be damnation and destruction, | ||
+ | |||
+ | **and until the end of the wars** of Gog the city will exist. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **cut off into desolation** a destruction of desolation. | ||
==== Verse 27 | ==== Verse 27 | ||
- | < | + | **And he will strengthen a covenant for the princes for one week** לָרַבִּים, |
- | <b>will strengthen</ | + | |
- | <b>for one week</ | + | **will strengthen** Titus [will strengthen] a covenant with the princes of Israel. |
- | <b>he will abolish sacrifice and meal-offering</ | + | |
- | <b>and on high, among abominations will be the dumb one</ | + | **for one week** He will promise them the strengthening of a covenant and peace for seven years, but within the seven years, he will abrogate his covenant. |
- | <b>high</ | + | |
- | <b>and until destruction and extermination befall the dumb one</ | + | **he will abolish sacrifice and meal-offering** This is what he says in the first vision (8: 26): “and in tranquility he will destroy many.” Through a covenant of tranquility, |
- | <b>befall the dumb one</ | + | |
+ | **and on high, among abominations will be the dumb one** This is a pejorative for pagan deities. i.e., on a high place, among abominations and disgusting things, he will place the dumb one, the pagan deity, which is dumb like a silent stone. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **high** Heb. כְּנַף, | ||
+ | |||
+ | **and until destruction and extermination befall the dumb one** and the ruling of the abomination will endure until the day that the destruction and extermination decreed upon it [will] befall it, in the days of the king Messiah. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **befall the dumb one** Heb. תִּתַּךְ, |
nsv/ketuvim/daniel_9.1696065286.txt.gz · Last modified: 2023/09/30 09:14 by 127.0.0.1